广东及周边地区骑楼发展的时空过程及动力机制

骑楼作为近代出现的底层有廊道可行人的沿街店屋式建筑,在广东及其周边地区城镇具有广泛影响和地域特征。从地域空间看,骑楼形成了不同的传播圈层,在东南亚一带以及我国的广东、广西、海南、福建、台湾等南海沿岸地区广有分布;从时间上看,广东骑楼的发展经历了形成发展到衰弱复兴等七个阶段;从文化方面看,它凝结了东方文化和西方文化的元素,成为南中国城镇具有特殊历史意义的典型景观形象。本文通过分析骑楼发展的时空过程,揭示了骑楼地域文化的形成和发展是"自下而上"的驱动力和"自上而下"的管治力双重作用的结果。

THE PROCESS AND POWER MECHANISM OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF QILOU IN GUANGDONG AND SURROUNDING AREAS

Qilou has made a great influence in Guangdong province and the towns nearby with the local characteristics. Qilou not only witnessed the social and economic development history of Chinese modern cities, but also experienced the strong conflict, collision and conflation between the West and the East cultures. From historical point of view, the development of Qilou can be divided into seven stages, i.e., incipient, growth, flourishing, stagnation, readjustment, decline and rejuvenation. From its spatial location, Qilou widely distributes in South-east Asia and coastal area of the South China Sea, including Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian, Taiwan and others. There are different static characters of the spatial distribution of Qilou in three different scopes. Within the scope of the world, there are four zones. The first zone is the core zone of Pearl River Delta; the second zone is the marginal zone of the east, the western and the northern areas of Guangdong Province; the third zone is peripheral zone of Hainan, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian and Taiwan; the forth zone is the outside area. within the scope of southeastern part of China, the spatial distribution characteristics of Qilou presents as three zones that are in different size and overlapped. The first zone including Guangzhou and five towns nearby is the core; the second zone including the east- wing of Taiwan is the secondary core; and the third zone including the west-wing of Hainan and Leizhou Peninsula is also the secondary core. Through comparing and observing the patterns of Qilou and the ages of building, the author infers that the spreading mode and direction of Qilou is that it was preliminary formed in India, then spread from the Malay Peninsula to Malay Archipelago (or Southeast Asia) by the colonizers, and then further distributed to the coastal area of the Pacific in three ways. The spatial layout of Qilou displays a dynamic characteristic, spreading around based on Guangzhou, Haikou and Taiwan. Marine Silk Road and the opening of port-cities are significant elements that influenced the forming and development of Qilou. Through analyzing the space-time process of the development of Qilou, this essay reveals that the forming and development of Qilou district culture was not only driven by commercial benefit pursuits, building space and economy of times, but also resulted from the promotion and lead by local government's opening policy.