焦作马村汉墓和白庄汉墓出土彩绘陶仓楼的科技分析

河南省焦作马村汉墓和白庄汉墓出土彩绘陶仓楼数量众多,类型丰富。为了科学保护修复彩绘陶仓楼,通过X射线衍射仪,X射线荧光分析仪,岩相分析,热膨胀测试等技术手段对这批彩绘陶仓楼进行了深入分析。研究发现,这批陶器为当地取土烧制的加砂陶,陶片结构较密实,器物制作以模为主,部分是模制后粘贴而成,吸水率和表气孔率较高,烧成温度和岩相分析发现陶片有釉化现象。研究成果可为后续保护修复处理彩绘彩绘陶仓楼提供参考和借鉴。

Study of polychrome potteries excavated from Han Dynasty tombs at Macun and Baizhuang in Jiaozuo

A great number of polychrome potteries (Canglou) were excavated from Han Dynasty tombs at Macun and Baizhuang in Jiaozuo. The polychrome potteries contain abundant information relevant to studies of the history and ancient culture of China. Polarized light microscopy was used to identify pigments, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal dilatometry, etc. were applied to analyze the composition, elements present, microscopic structure and phases of fragment samples. The results show that the pigments were mainly carbon black, bone white, cinnabar, iron oxide red and ultramarine, etc. The fragment samples were fired using local clay. They are sand-up potteries and the pottery structure is closely-grained. This study provides a lot of information for future conservation and restoration studies.