流动儿童身份认同的结构、现状与影响因素分析——基于武汉市的实证调查

运用武汉市流动儿童的问卷调查数据,采用探索性因子分析方法,对流动儿童身份认同的结构与现状进行了探讨。分析结果发现,流动儿童的身份认同主要包含地域认同、文化认同和群体认同三个因子。从身份认同程度来考察,流动儿童的身份认同已经达到"半"认同水平,但身份认同内部差异较大。从具体影响因子来看,地域认同、文化认同和群体认同程度依次降低。相对较高的地域认同程度反映的是迁入地"城市魅力"的效应,而相对较低的群体认同程度,反映流动儿童具有较强的"外地人"意识倾向的特点。流动儿童的身份认同是社会建构与自我建构共同作用的产物。

SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION OF MIGRANT CHILDREN: INTERNAL STRUCTURE,PRESENT SITUATION AND INFLUENTIAL FACTORS

Based on data from a survey of the migrant children in Wuhan in 2013, this paper utilizes exploratory factor analysis to explore the internal structure and influential factors of their social identification in order to objectively present their social identification, which provides the corresponding empirical study basis for migrant children's social identification. The results show that the social identification includes 3 factors,namely, region identification, culture identification and group identification. The overall level of their social identification has reached half levels, but internal differences still exist. The degree of these factors presents decreasing trend from region identification to group identification. The Social identification of migrant children is unbalanced between different dimensions. The degree of region identification of migrant children is higher, which explains the great appeal of city. With regard to group identification, some migrant children regard themselves as locals, some as outsiders, while some are very vague about their social identification. Migrant children have the strong consciousness of outsiders. They have strong ability of self-adjusting, and can quickly adjust their own group identification. Therefore, social identification is a product of social construction and self-construction. Household registration, different types of school, family income, family education content, parental perceived social distance, dwelling time and local social support have influence on their social identification. In short, the social identification system of migrant children will be a long process of transformation and change. The high level social identification depends on the joint efforts of migrant children, the native residents and the local government.