城市居住与就业空间关系研究进展及展望

城市居住与就业空间关系是城市地理学与城市经济学研究的重要领域之一,有必要梳理国内外研究进展及发展趋向。本文从理论基础、方法论、区位选择及影响因素三个方面回顾了城市居住与就业空间关系的相关研究,并对其进行述评与展望。研究首先厘清了居住与就业空间关系研究的理论基础;其次从通勤行为、就业可达性测度等方面总结了职住关系测度的方法论,并对居住-就业区位选择的影响因素进行了梳理;最后对国内外职住关系研究内容进行比较与述评,并展望了有待进一步深入研究的领域。

PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS OF JOBS-HOUSING SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP RESEARCH

Following urban expansion and economic restructuring, jobs- housing relationship has thus become an important issue in studies on urban spatial structure. The research on jobs-housing spatial relationship will help to reveal the internal dynamic mechanism and to find the pattern of urban spatial development, and it can provide corresponding reference to solve urban traffic congestion and the low efficiency of land use. Since the reform and opening-up, the urban spatial structure has experienced great change during the transitional period of the economic system and the disintegration of the traditional danwei system in Chinese cities. Residents were encouraged to buy their housing in the real estate market after urban housing reform was driven, which improved the mobility of residents and changed the pattern of the jobs-housing relationship. Therefore, we knew that the reform of the land system and the real estate system accelerated the housing suburbanization. The separation between housing and employment led to traffic jam, improvement of commuting cost and environment pollution, which attracted extensive attention from scholars at home and abroad, and became the one of the research focuses of urban geography and urban economics, so it was necessary to review its developing history, appraised its research progress and discussed its future developing trends. The paper reviewed the related research progress on jobs-housing spatial relationship from three aspects such as the theoretical basis, measurement methods and location choice, and then proposed the research prospects. The research firstly clarified the theoretical basis of studies on jobs-housing spatial relationship, and then we summarized the methodology from commuting behavior and measurement of job accessibility, and analyzed the impact factors of job-housing location choice. Finally, we proposed several possible future research directions based on reviewing and comparing the research contents and situation of jobs-housing spatial relationship at home and abroad.