生产范式变革下集群企业的去地方化研究

在全球化和地方化共同作用下,经济活动的去地方化现象越来越受到关注。与一般的产业转移概念不同,去地方化着重强调企业受到某种作用脱离地方生产网络,进而对地方生产网络产生的影响。目前关于去地方化的研究多集中在欧美国家,且多是基于全球生产网络的视角,而由企业生产范式变革引起的去地方化没有得到应有重视。实际上,在中国沿海地区,集群内创新型企业进行生产范式变革,引起企业去地方化现象十分明显,对地方经济社会产生深刻影响。在此背景下,本文建立生产范式变革、组织协同与企业去地方化的理论架构,分别以东莞鞋业集群和华宏鞋业公司为例,分析鞋业集群和企业在生产范式变革下的去地方化现象,为地方政府更好地制定实施集群政策和产业转移提供理论依据。

THE DELOCALIZATION OF CLUSTERING FIRMS UNDER THE PRODUCTION PARADIGM REFORM

With the combined actions of globalization and localization, the delocalization of economic activities got more and more attentions. It was not only the spatial process that the phenomenon of industrial transfer happened in complete or partial productive process, but also functional integration that supple chains in firms separated from and reconfigured within different spatial scale. However, different from the concepts of industrial transfer, the concept of delocalization emphasized that the firms in clusters separated from the local productive network for some effects, and further affected on local production network. Currently, existing researches have showed two phenomena. First, most of related studies focused on Europe and American countries, but a few related studies in China, which disagreed with the actual local economic and social development in China. In recent years, driven by the orders from lead traders and brand owners, firms in China coastal areas separated from original clusters (was called delocalization) to reconstitute new clusters in new places (was called relocalization) or integrated themselves in the trend of industrial transfer. Second, the related studies focused on labor intensive industries. Therefore, the studies about delocalization had theoretical important and practical value for clusters in China costal areas. Within that context, the paper firstly established theoretical frameworks of production paradigm reform, organization synergy and delocalization. Secondly, it put forward the theoretical assumption of clustering firms' delocalization. Then, it took Dongguan footwear industrial clusters and HuaHong Footwear Companies as cases to test hypotheses. Finally, it provided theoretical foundations for local governments to make better policies about cluster and industrial transfer.