建国初期北京市的区街建政与居民自治

建国初期,北京市根据定都及适应城市管理和建设的需要,在建国前区街建政的基础上,各区设区各界人民代表会议和区公所。随着区各界人民代表会议代行区人民代表大会职权,区公所改设人民政府委员会,由选举产生;街设办事处,作为区政府派出机关;居民组织居民委员会,实行自治。由此,北京市区街初步形成区政府、区政街派与社区自治相辅相成的城市基层治理格局,其后虽有所调整和变革,却延续至今并不断完善。

The Administrative Setup of Districts and Subdistrict in Beijing Municipality and the Residents' Autonomy in the Early Years of New China

In the early years of New China, in view of the fact that Beijing was made the capital of the state and in order to conform to the needs of urban administration and construction, the Beijing government decided, on the basis of the past administrative setup of districts and streets before the founding of PRC, that each district set up a district conference of people's deputies from all walks of life and a district office. With the district conference of people's deputies from all walks of life functioning in an acting capacity of the district people's congress, the district office began to be replaced by the committee of people's government to be elected. The subdistrict office was set up at the level of subdistrict as an agency of district government. The residents organized themselves into an autonomous neighborhood committee. Thus the three-level governance pattern at the grassroots level consisting of district government, subdistrict office as an agency of district government and neighborhood committee as a socially autonomous organization, that were mutually complementary, took shape and has continued up to now, in spite of some readjustment and changes now and then.