关于统万城历史的几个问题

本文对十六国时期匈奴夏国都统万城建造的起讫时间、统万城与汉奢延城、大城的关系、统万城的城制形态等相关的传统观点提出质疑。在重新解读文献的基础上,结合实地考察认为:一、统万城建设的起讫时间并不是一般认为的公元413年和419年,而是公元413年和424年;二、统万城既不是在十六国时期大城基础上兴建的,也不是在西汉上郡奢延县城的基础上兴建的,而是在汉朔方县所在地基础上兴建的;三、将统万城划分为宫城、皇城(内城)、外郭城三大块的做法显然是与中国古代都城制度发展史相违背,统万城筑造外郭城也不适宜于从事游牧的匈奴民族,至于现在东、西城外存在的不规则分布的夯土遗迹,东城之外的部分可能是在修筑统万城时未被加以利用的汉朔方城的残留遗迹,西城之外的部分疑为一处类似皇家园林的游猎场,或是战备马匹的圈养场。

Some Problems about History of Tongwan City

Tongwan City was the capital of Xia,which was a minority power during the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms.According to rereading literatures and investigating on the spot,I have some different opinions to the traditional views.Firstly,the building time of Tongwan City was not 413 A.D.to 419 A.D.,but 413 A.D.to 424 A.D..Secondly,neither big city nor Sheyan City in Han Dynasty,Tongwan City was constructed on the base of Shuofang City in Han Dynasty.Thirdly,Tongwan City usually was divided into three parts:imperial palace,imperial city(inner city)and outer city.That was contradictory to the history of capital institution development in ancient China.The outer city was not suitable for Xiongnu people which was a nomad.As for the part out of the eastern city,it was possible that the relic of Shuofang City was not used in building Tongwan City.And the part out of the western city might be an imperial hunting ground or a stable breeding field for war horses.