西方城市更新发展历程和政策演变

西方城市更新大致经历了"清除贫民窟-福利色彩社区更新-市场导向旧城再开发-社区综合复兴"四个发展阶段,各阶段更新政策的历史发展背景、参与对象、更新途径和更新结果各异。通过比较不同阶段城市更新特征看出,西方城市更新理论实现从形体主义规划思想向人本主义规划思想的转变,城市更新发展理念在问题导向下不断发展成熟,城市更新运作模式体现政府、私有部门和社区居民的多方参与倾向。对我国城市更新的启示包括:城市更新政策演变与城市发展过程的关系,城市更新关注对象的讨论,以及政府作用和城市更新多方参与者的利益制衡。

DEVELOPMENT COURSE AND POLICY EVOLUTION OF URBAN RENEWAL IN WESTERN CITIES

Urban renewal polices in western cities can be generally divided into four generations:the era of bulldozer after WWⅡ, the neighborhood rehabilitation during 1960s-1970sh, the revitalization of city center from late 1970s to early 1990s, and the integrative regeneration of neighborhood after the 21st century. The characteristics of renewal policy in each generation are quite different. Each renewal generation has its unique social and economic background, different major participants, different target-oriented renewal methods and different regeneration effects. Therefore, this paper systematically analyzes the development courses of urban renewal in western cities, and concludes the characteristics of urban renewal policies during the four generations. Firstly, the renewal theory in western cities is turning from physical plan to humanism plan. Secondly, the policy ideology of urban regeneration is developing and reaching maturity in an issue-oriented approach. Thirdly, the cooperation mode of urban renewal in western cities is changing from government oriented pattern to multiple cooperation way, and the intense partnership of the government, private entrepreneurs and neighborhood residents is obviously the future trend of urban regeneration. What's more, based on the comprehensive understanding of policy renovation in western cities, it's inspiration to urban renewal in China is concluded in the end. Firstly, the nature of urban renewal should be re-understood and re-recognized. Secondly, the ultimate object of urban renewal is the people in the neighborhood, but not the neighborhood place itself; and the final target of urban renewal is the improving of habitat environment. Thirdly, urban renewal is more complex than initial construction of urban place. The role of city planners in the field of urban renewal in China is also discussed in the end.