山东青岛土山屯汉墓M162出土漆奁的髹漆工艺及相关问题研究

山东青岛土山屯汉墓出土了大量汉代漆器，大部分漆器髹涂1～2层较薄的漆，但M162出土的漆奁残片却与众不同。本研究采用数码显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜能谱、X射线衍射等方法对M162出土漆奁残片的红漆层和漆灰层进行了分析研究，发现此件漆奁残片的漆灰层表面连续髹涂5层红漆，且每一层厚度均超出同时期其他墓葬出土漆器的漆层厚度，实属罕见。检视以往研究成果，这是目前发现红漆层数最多的汉代漆器标本，其制作工艺较单层髹漆更为复杂。而这种多层髹同种色漆工艺发展的原因，应当出于审美的需要，其进一步发展，或许可视为雕漆工艺的滥觞。

Study of the lacquering craftsmanship and related issues of a lacquer Lian unearthed from Tomb M162 of Tushantun Han tombs in Qingdao, Shandong

The Han Dynasties were the heyday of lacquerware development. A large number of painted lacquerware objects have been excavated from Tushantun Han tombs in Qingdao, Shandong. Most of them have one to two thin layers of lacquer, but fragments of a lacquer Lian unearthed from Tomb M162 have five layers of lacquer. Furthermore, each lacquer layer is thicker than that of other lacquerware from the same period of the Han Dynasties. In this study, digital microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and other methods were used to analyze the fragments of the lacquer Lian unearthed from Tomb M162. According to previous research results, the Lian is a Han Dynasty lacquerware specimen with the largest number of red lacquer layers found so far and its production process is more complex than that of single-layer lacquerware. The development of this multi-layer lacquering process with the same color may be regarded as the origin of the craft of carved lacquerware production.