北京城区博物馆时空间分布特征分析

通过对北京城区市级以上博物馆的时空间分布研究,得出其空间分布随着时间的变化经历了以天安门、故宫为中心的集聚阶段(1949年-1979年)、沿主干道和环线向外扩展阶段(1980-1995年)、沿东北-西南轴向集聚阶段(1996-2007年)三个历史发展阶段,并呈现出不同的空间分布特征,在此基础上概括总结出北京城区市级以上博物馆在空间分布上具有:(1)向心集聚显著,即约占总数50%的博物馆高度集中在主城区,并主要沿长安街两侧分布;(2)北密南疏,即约占总数75%以上的博物馆分布在长安街及其延长线以北地区,形成了明显的南北城差异;(3)主城区以外沿环线分布等特征。同时,探讨了导致这一分布特征的主要因素是历史惯性、经济拉动和交通便捷程度以及由此分布产生的问题;最后,对北京博物馆未来空间布局的发展进行预测,并提出相应的对策和建议。

THE ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION FEATURES OF MUSEUMS IN BEIJING CITY

By analyzing the spatial distribution of city-level museums in Beijing city, it puts forward that there are three developing stages and there are different features based on the stages, that is, agglomeration in the inner city centering with Tiananmen Square and Forbidden City (from 1949 to 1979), circular expansion to outer city along the main streets (from 1980 to 1995) and agglomeration along the axis from northeast to southwest (from 1996-2007). Accordingly, the features of Beijing museums' distribution are (1) distinct centrality:about above 50% museums are located in inner city along Changanjie Street; (2) less museums in southern part of city than in the northern:about above 75% museums are in northern area of Changanjie Street and its extending lines, forming the obvious difference between north and south of city; (3) the circular distribution of museums in outer city. Meanwhile, the paper discusses the main factors that lead to such distribution, including historical inertia, economic pull power and transportation accessibility. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the main problems:over-cluster in the inner city, disequilibrium distributed between south and north of city and over-agglomeration along the northwest to southeast axis in the second circle. Based on these analysis, the paper gives the corresponding suggestion to adjust the distribution of the great scale museums in the future. For example, the new museums should make areas near the 5th Ring Road and new towns, Yizhuang, Huairou, Changping and Tongzhou as the optimal location, and merge the similar ones and strengthen the function.