Analyzing the process of domestication: Hagoshrim as a case study |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel;2. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3ER, UK;3. Department of Anthropology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 303 Tanana Loop, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-7720, USA;4. Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Rümelinstr. 23, 72070, Tübingen, Germany;5. Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel Street, Jerusalem, 95501, Israel;6. Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans, Rümelinstr. 23, D-72070, Tübingen, Germany;1. Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Earth Sciences, Physical Geography, Malteserstraße 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany;2. TOPOI Excellence Cluster, Hittorfstraße 18, 14195 Berlin, Germany;3. German Archaeological Institute, Orient Department, Podbielskiallee 69, 14195 Berlin, Germany;4. Department of Geography, Prehistory and Archaeology, University of the Basque Country, Francisco Tomás y Valiente s/n, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;5. ERAAUB, Department of Prehistory, Ancient History and Archaeology, University of Barcelona, Spain;6. Wageningen University, Soil Geography and Landscape Group & Netherlands Centre for Luminescence Dating, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 Wageningen, Netherlands;1. Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 301 Alumni Building, CB#3115, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States;2. Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States;3. School of Advanced Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan;4. Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Directorate of Conservation Implementation and Control of Historic Heritage, Molla Husrev Mah., Kayserili Ahmet Pasa Sok., No 16 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey;1. Interdepartmental Archaeology Program, University of California, Los Angeles A210 Fowler Building, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;2. Alexandria Archive Institute, 125 El Verano Way, San Francisco, CA 94127, USA;1. Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, POB 9515, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands;2. Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock''s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | Recent excavations at the Neolithic site of Hagoshrim, northern Israel, have yielded a large assemblage of skeletal fragments, representing mostly caprines, cattle and pigs. The three layers of the site's occupation span approximately 2000 years of a crucial period in the domestication of these taxa in the southern Levant, including Pre-Pottery Neolithic C (Layer 6, 7562 ± 85 BP and 7735 ± 55 BP) and the Pottery Neolithic cultures, Jericho IX (Layer 5, 6725 ± 120 BP) and Wadi Raba (Layer 4, 6505 ± 120 BP). Therefore, this site provides an outstanding opportunity to study the process of domestication in a comparative manner, both across taxa and through time. We used kill-off patterns, size reduction and changes in body proportions, and introduced statistical methods to discern the different stages of the domestication process for each taxon. Pig remains reflect simultaneous changes at the end of the 7th millennium BP: kill-off patterns, size and proportions of cranial and post-cranial elements all change between Layer 5 and 4 with no significant changes between Layer 6 and 5. Gradual changes—both between Layer 6 and 5 and between Layer 5 and 4—were found only for cattle, while caprine remains exhibit no changes throughout the site's occupation. These results can be explained in light of the differences between the taxa in terms of their life history strategies, among other things, that can be viewed as pre-adaptations to domestication. |
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