The Foramina Transversaria of The Sunghir 2 and 3 Cervical Vertebrae |
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Authors: | SA Lacy E Trinkaus |
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Institution: | Department of Anthropology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA |
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Abstract: | The Mid Upper Paleolithic immature Sunghir 2 and 3 skeletal remains exhibit non-closure and doubling of several of their cervical vertebral foramina transversaria. Both exhibit non-closure of the atlas (C1) foramina. Sunghir 3 also exhibits foraminal non-closure in her C4 to C5. Sunghir 2 has doubling of the foramen on C4 and C6, whereas Sunghir 3 has it on C4 to C6. The anatomical distribution of these variants places Sunghir 2 and 3 at the limits of recent human cervical vertebral morphological variation. The correspondence between these variants and vascular pathways is unclear, and therefore their implications remain uncertain. |
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Keywords: | Foramen transversarium Upper Paleolithic vertebra vertebral artery paleopathology paleoanthropology |
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