清中晚期双龙五凤点翠冠饰材质与工艺研究

为从科学分析的角度研究清代点翠首饰的材质与工艺,本研究以陕西旬邑县唐家大院清中晚期双龙五凤点翠冠饰为研究对象,通过超景深三维视频显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察点翠冠饰的显微形貌、X射线能谱仪分析点翠冠饰制作材料的化学成分、傅里叶显微红外光谱仪分析点翠中使用胶黏剂的种类。研究表明,点翠冠饰的胎体以金属和木质为主,辅以花丝、捻金线、鎏金等细金工艺制作而成,使用动物胶将翠羽黏接在胎体上,点翠所用的翠羽主要是蓝色的羽枝。双龙五凤点翠冠饰的材料较少使用黄金等贵金属,而是以纯铜、纯银或铜银合金为基体、表面鎏金的金属材料或者木质材料制作,充分节省了冠饰制作的成本并减轻了重量。研究成果为传统点翠工艺提供详实的数据支持,对点翠工艺的传承、发展、创新提供一定的帮助。

Research on materials and techniques of a middle-to late-Qing Dynasty kingfisher blue crown with dragon and phoenix

The fragments collected from a middle- to late-Qing Dynasty kingfisher blue crown with dragon and phoenix were analyzed by various methods, including 3D video microscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), to investigate the materials and craftsmanship of the kingfisher blue crown. According to the analytical results, the materials of the crown contained mainly metal and wood, and copper or silver, or a Cu-Ag alloy, with gilding on the metal surface was used for metal matrix. Sky blue and dark blue kingfisher feathers were cut to form some patterns and were glued onto the matrix. Animal glue was used as the adhesive agent between the metal or wood and the kingfisher feathers. In order to reduce production costs and the weight of the crown, fewer precious metals, such as gold, were used. In fact, traditional techniques, such as filigree, gold threads, and gilding were employed in the crown-making. The results of this research provide scientific support for understanding the materials and techniques used for traditional handmade crafts in China.