商初贤相伊尹新论

对于贤相伊尹的研究，由于种种原因，仍处于误区之中。其一，多数介绍资料，都一致确认伊尹是有莘氏的家奴，善于烹调，以美味喻政治，因而得到成汤的重用。又有部分学者认为，伊尹为家奴说不可取，伊尹应是大巫，是宗教领袖，所以他能协助商汤灭夏建商。此说当今颇为流行。但证据不足，且从伊尹一生的政治生活来看，亦无相关行迹，因而此说也不可信。其二，伊尹放太甲于桐宫，三年见效，太甲复位，卒成名王；与另一说伊尹篡位自立，七年后太甲潜出，诛杀伊尹说，相提并论，缺乏选择与判断。后来虽有学者加以纠正，但论证力度不足，影响甚微。本文认为，伊尹本是夏朝贤臣，有高度的政治智慧，丰富的从政经验，他的离夏从汤，是明主与贤臣的双向选择，是历史的必然机遇。又认为太甲杀伊尹说证据不足，只有伊尹教诲太甲说是正确的。

A New Comment on Yi Yin, the Wise Prime Minister of Early Shang Dynasty

About Yi- Yin＇s study is stilled in wrong areas, because of many reasons. Firstly, many instruction datum all considered that Yi - Yin was a slave of You - Shen sift who was good at cooking and used dainty as a metaphor to say politics, thus he was thought highly by Cheng Tang. Some scholars think that Yi - Yin was not a slave, but was a sorcerer or was a leader of religion , who helped Tang to build Sang. This saying is popular nowadays , however, according with Yi -Yin＇s political behaviors , there was not any evidences to testify Yi - Yin was a leader of religion or a sorcerer , therefore , it is not a reliable saying. Secondly , there were two sayings that were equated , these sayings were lack of choice and judgement. One saying was that Yi - Yin putted Tai - Jia at Tong Gong, three years ago, Tai - Jia came back and became a good king. Another saying was that Yi - Yin seizured the power, sever years ago, Tai - Jia came back and killed Yi - Yin. Afterward , some scholars pointed out and corrected, but the degree of demonstration was not enough , so the influence was weak. This text considered that Yi - Yin was a sage chancellor of Xia dynasty, who had political wisdom and had rich political experience. He left Xia to Sbang dynasty, which was a choice between good king and sage chancellor and was the necessary opportunity of history. The text also considered that the evidence of saying about Tai - Jia killed Yi - Yin was not enough, only Yi - Yin taught Tai - Jia was right. The text overruled the saying of Yi - Yin was a religious leader.