石质文物病害机理研究

导致石质文物产生病害的因素很多,其中近年来日益加剧的环境污染带来的病害加速问题引起文物保护工作者的广泛关注。精确的病害诊断是文物保护的先决条件,因此,多学科综合研究和新技术不断引进到病害机理研究方面。对各种可能的病害原因从最初的定性分析逐渐转变到定量模拟分析方面。目前,石质文物病害研究从地质勘察、室内试验、现场试验等各个方面展开,但是由于各个试验条件不同,会出现不一致,甚至相悖的结论。在对石质文物病害的研究现状进行了总结后,认为试验体系标准的制定可以使得文物保护工作者的研究具有可比性,从而可以得出较具一般性的结论,这也是进行病害机理研究的基础。由于文物完整性保护的特殊要求,无损检测技术的发展及检测结果的判定是整个的试验体系中一个重要方面。同时,由于室内实验存在时间及尺寸等比例效应问题,室外长期观测试验应是今后的研究方向。最终将病害严重程度及发展趋势的判定和有效预防发展成为一个科学体系。

Decay mechanism of stone monuments

Many factors can lead to the decay of stone monuments,and the accelerating rate of deterioration due to serious air pollution has attracted the extensive attention of conservators.A precise diagnosis of the problem is the prerequisite to the stone conservation.In recent years,multidisciplinary approaches and new technologies have been introduced into the research on decay mechanisms.Furthermore,research on the causes of stone decay has progressed from consideration of qualitative aspects to quantitative ones.Research involving geological investigation,simulation test and on-site field exploration has been carried out.However,the conclusions from these studies are sometimes leading to inconsistent or even completely opposite conclusions because of different test conditions.This paper summarizes current test conclusions.Uniform test standards can guarantee that the researchers' results are comparable,and in this way form a basis for research on decay mechanisms.Non-destructive analytical methods are particularly important.Laboratory simulation,which usually forms the basis for analysis of stone decay,has the limitation of time and dimensional scale.Therefore,long-term exposure test should be the way of the future.In the end,solid scientific analysis of the decay mechanisms will lead to effective preventive measures.