《史籍考》编纂始末辨析

作为中国古代传统学术的总结期,清乾嘉道时期诸儒对经史、小学的缜密考辨和编纂,孕育出《皇清经解》、《史籍考》、《小学考》等颇具宏观性的集大成巨作。与《皇清经解》、《小学考》流传至今而大显于世的命运不同,《史籍考》则因遭兵火之厄而消失于天壤间,隐而不彰。然而,毕沅、谢启昆、潘锡恩之主持经营,章学诚、胡虔、许瀚诸人之汲汲编纂,无不彰显出学人及地方大吏对史学的关注和倡导。因此,梳理和考辨《史籍考》的编纂经过,以及其取向、构架和成就,于深入考察乾嘉道时期的史学趋向不无裨益。

An Analysis of the History of the Editing and Compilation of Shiji kao

In the overall chronological schema of ancient Chinese traditional scholarship, the Qianlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang reign periods of the Qing Dynasty are treated as a single period in which Confucian scholars assiduously pursued exegesis and annotation of works of the classics, histories and the new philology and linguistics called xiaoxue, which in turn resulted in the production of such major synthetical studies as Huang Qingjingjie, Shiji kao and Xiaoxue kao. Huang Qingjingjie and Xiaoxue kao have been passed down to the present day, but Shiji kao suffered an altogether different fate, having been lost forever in the conflagration of warfare. Yet its compilation was a project supervised by Bi Yuan,Xie Qikun and Pan Xi'en, while Zhang Xuecheng, Hu Lin and Xu Han all contributed in turn to its editing and compilation, demonstrating how seriously this work of historiography was regarded and promoted by eminent scholars and local officials. Thus, combing through the process of editing and compiling Shiji kao, as well as its direction and achievements, we can more deeply appreciate the trends in historiography during the reigns of these three emperors.