元明清北京的能源供应及其生态效应

元明清三朝定都北京以后,城市能源中的木柴、木炭主要来源于周边地区的森林。林木的过度砍伐,对太行山北段、燕山南麓山区造成了显著的生态破坏,在明清时期表现得尤为突出。煤炭在能源构成中的地位越来越重要,但采煤对西山一带的地表形态、植被覆盖、河流水源等所造成的危害也不容忽视。文献和碑刻资料,证实了北京能源供应的发展过程及其连带的生态效应。

The Process and Ecological Effect of Provided Beijing with Energy during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties

Beijing, as the capital during the Yuan , Ming and Qing Dynasties, its resource of energy such as firewood and charcoal was mostly obtained through the forest in the periphery of the capital. Because of the montanic forest was felled excessively, the regional environment of the northern sector of Taihang Mountains and the southern foot of Yanshan Mountains were seriously damaged at ecology, that was especially prominence in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Since the Yuan to Qing Dynasties, the coal was more and more important in structure of energy in Beijing, but the harmfulness must not be neglected that to landform, vegetation, river and other waterhead by excavated the coal in the Xishan area. A lot of literatures and records on tablets have attested to the process and ecological effect of provided Beijing with energy during the Yuan to Qing Dynasty.