宋代的自然观察:审美、解释与观测兴趣的发达

本文以地理学为核心,从知识兴趣的角度对宋代的自然观察及其解释方法进行了考察,发现在宋代学者中,不仅以山水游赏为目的的审美性自然观十分发达,更积极地观察、观测各种自然地理现象。尤为突出的是,在当时的学者中间,从客观的角度探索自然并解释自然并非个别案例,而具有一定的普遍性。另外,甚至有部分学者抛开形而上的讨论,积极地对长期观测的自然现象进行归纳总结,表现出了浓厚的经验实证思想。虽然这表明当时的自然知识累积与发展出现了新的方向,但是它们并没有得到突破性的发展,其主要原因或在于这些新的因素并没有能够真正地改变儒学知识分子认识自然的基本方式。

Observing Nature: Flourishing of Aesthetics, Explanation and Positivism in Song Dynasty

This article investigated the methods of natural observation and explanation from the knowledge interesting in Song dynasty. Then discovered some things:at this era,many scholars had strong interested in observing the nature. Not only the aesthetic natural view was very flourishing,but they liked thinking and explaining all kinds of nature phenomenon from object or material stand,even some scholars research nature by continue observing. Such action was not accidental case,but a popular in a certain degree. Particularly,some scholars laid aside metaphysics discussion,and progressively induced the natural phenomena that obtained by surveying over a long time,expressed strong empirical positivism. Although it were shown that it had appeared a new direction in accumulation and development of the knowledge about natural world at that time,they hadn't got breakthrough. Maybe,its main reason was that such new factors had not changed the basic methods of learning natural world of the Confucian scholars.