重大事件对城市空间结构的影响:研究进展与管理对策

在全球化竞争日益激烈的背景下,举办重大事件已成为许多城市进行重新定位或推动城市跨越式发展的一种途径。重大事件为综合运用结构主义、制度主义等多种方法研究城市空间结构的演化与重构提供了一个难得的契机,但国内外学术界关于重大事件对举办城市空间结构影响的专门研究还比较缺乏,特别是对于事件背景下城市空间要素怎样发生演变以及城市如何借助事件契机对空间结构进行优化的研究还很薄弱。本文通过梳理国内外有关重大事件对举办城市空间结构影响的文献,初步厘清了重大事件对举办城市空间结构的影响因素及作用方式,进而为事件举办城市提出了指导性的战略管理框架,并指出了现有研究存在的不足与未来发展方向。

IMPACTS OF MAJOR EVENTS ON HOST CITIES' URBAN SPATIAL STRUCTURE: LITERATURE REVIEW AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT MODEL

The study of major event impacts has been driven by a need to examine the positive and negative impacts of holding events in order to justify public spending on events and a need to leverage the best possible benefits for communities that host events, often termed the legacy. To date the event impact literature is rather piecemeal. Hiller (1998) suggests event impact research has focused on fairly simple analysis of immediate impacts and outcomes or legacy. He argues there is a lack of comprehensive analysis; the focus is on positive benefits, while negative impacts are largely hidden. While much of the literature focuses on economic benefits, many authors suggest more research is needed on the social, physical, environmental and tourism impacts of events and their interrelationships. The most recent literature indicates a new focus is emerging with an emphasis on leveraging positive benefits of an event. This growing body of knowledge draws more on qualitative studies to analyze the equity of benefits and to explore the most productive strategies for enabling host communities to benefit from an event, including the reconstruction of urban spatial structure of host cities.Urban spatial structure especially physical infrastructure provision is often cited as a key benefit of major events. This typically encompasses transport infrastructure, flagship projects and stadium construction and other new buildings, landscape improvements and housing development. Environmental impacts have come to the fore in recent years, especially in relation to mega-events. Based on sorting out the domestic and foreign related literature, this paper clarified the main influencing factors and the common operational models of major events' impacts on host cities' urban spatial structure, meanwhile, pointed out the shortcomings of existing research and the future direction, finally putting forward a guiding framework of strategic management for host cities as the conclusion.