矿业城市生命周期与空间结构演进规律研究

在对矿业经济和城市发展生命周期判定的基础上,选取石油城市大庆、有色金属城市金昌、煤炭城市大同等典型矿业城市作为研究样本,梳理矿业城市发展生命周期,重点研究矿业城市空间结构有序化演进的一般规律。文章认为矿业城市经历"矿业经济-新型制造业-综合性"的完整发展过程,城市空间结构对应整体演进过程也呈现出"矿业经济的点状离散-新型制造业的分区极化-综合性城市的多组团圈层"的阶段性特征。在矿业经济时期内部又呈现"导入期、成长期、成熟期、衰退期/转型期",且对应不同阶段在城市人口、职能、经济结构等方面均呈现不同的特点。矿业城市空间演进整体上体现出"矿业经济是空间发展的初期主导,空间结构随城市职能的升级而演变,空间作用呈现集聚与分散的交替"的有序化发展规律。

STUDY ON THE LIFE CYCLE AND EVOLUTION LAW OF SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF MINING CITY

The mining city is a kind of resource city which mining and primary process was in domination. It is one of the results when economy has developed into a certain historical stage, and it is urgent to achieve transformation in current complicated domestic and international environment. The urban spatial structure of mining city has instability according to potent influence of natural resources and industry development. Based on the mining economy and determining urban development life cycle, this paper selects typical mining cities--oil city of Daqing, non-ferrous metal city Jinchang and coal city Datong as research samples, comb mining city development life cycle, focus on the general law of the orderly evolution of urban spatial structure. The paper argues that the mining cities should experience "mining economy-new manufacturing economy-the integrated urban" full development process, Space structure evolution process of mining cities corresponding to the whole shows that the phase characteristics is "discrete punctate of mining economy-partition polarization of new manufacturing-the polarization group and circling of the integrated urban". In mining economy period "introduction, growth, maturity and decline/transition", and the urban population, functions, economic structure, and other aspects shows different characteristics corresponding to different stages, among that the spatial structure's features reflects "in during introduction: concentration to center and sheet expansion; in growth period: expand by jumping enclave and sheet to concentration to the center; in the maturity phase: expand by jumping enclave and sheet expansion; in the stage of decline / transition: cities shrinking and scraping/jumping dispersed and development to the center". The ordering evolution law of urban spatial structure shows that "mining economy is dominant in the early stages of the development space, the urban spatial structure functions with the upgrade and evolution, the space effect of present concentration and scattered alternate".