中国当代人口城市化、空间城市化与社会风险

趋势和比较分析我国人口城市化和空间城市化,表明我国人口城市化的速度和规模远滞后于空间城市化。其实质为社会、文化、制度的构建与经济增长的不同步,究其缘由,除了政策制度的因素外,资本和权力的勾连以及"经济达尔文主义"是其"质料因"和"动力因"。这种对城市化经济性的过度追求必将带来土地金融危机、社会极化、空间区隔和"原子化社会",使生活在城市中的人缺乏尊严感和安全感,集聚社会风险。因此,城市化发展应从规模的追求转向到对质的追求,构筑一种"城市如家"和"充满选择机会"的城市化。

POPULATION URBANIZATION, SPATIAL URBANIZATION AND SOCIAL RISKS IN CHINA

Using trend and comparative analysis, we find there are two different stages in the process of China's urbanization: both the population urbanization and the spatial urbanization have the same characteristics, that is small and medium-sized city develop firstly, then the large-sized city follows in the metaphase of 90s. What's more, the scale and the speed of the population urbanization are lagging behind the spatial urbanization seriously since 90s in our country. If we reveal the ostensible mask, we can find that the essence is the social, cultural, institutional construction, reconstruction and economic growth is not synchronized, that is to say, the social parts as the whole system development doesn't keep in the same speed, the speed of economic growth is far faster than the society and culture construction. As we known, there is not only the institutional cause but also the connection of the capital and the power, and the "Economic Darwinism" is the "Material Cause" and the "Efficient Cause" respectively to cause the synchronized. To pursuit the capital profit maximization and circulation cycle minimization, the city spatial have to expand without stopping by urbanization to dissolve the traditional social connection methods (villages and unit society) little by little, that is the inherent and essential requirement of the city spatial expand under the capital logic just like the Harvey D. "the time-space compress and the time-space repair", while the new social connection reconstruction is relatively lagging behind. All of these bring about the result that the people separated from the traditional social connection are free out of the institutional and floating in the city sky with the dignity and the security lacking. So there are many social risks accumulated, such as the financial risk caused by the city territorial spatial expanding, the society polarization in welfare, the insulation in spatial and the so-called atomized society and so on.