检方施治:防疫方书与清代的疫情防控

抄录、编撰、刊印、传播、参阅防疫方书,是清代疫情期间常见的医疗实践活动。防疫方书的大量涌现是一次次疫病流行激发的结果,是疫情防控实践本身的重要组成部分。它们在染疫病人救治、防疫力量动员、防疫知识整合和普及等方面发挥着独特的媒介作用,是相关人、事、物实现链接和互动的一种重要途径,是人们积极主动地应对疫病、控制疫情、维护生命健康的一种"原动力"。相较于其他常见防疫举措,防疫方书深度参与到多种疫情防控实践中,实际构成了一种自发性、分散性、非制度性的疫病应对机制,具有成本低廉、传导性强、覆盖面广、溢出效应大等特征。

Looking up Prescriptions to Treat Infectious Disease:Anti-epidemic Medical Formularies,and Epidemic Prevention and Control in the Qing Dynasty

Copying,compiling,publishing,disseminating and consulting anti-epidemic books of medical formularies,were very common activities during the outbreak of an epidemic in the Qing Dynasty.Motivated by recurring epidemics,the emergence of medical formularies was an important component of epidemic prevention and control.Medical formularies played a unique media role in the treatment of patients suffering from infectious diseases,the mobilization of people to contribute to anti-epidemic activities,and the integration and popularization of knowledge of epidemic prevention.Anti-epidemic books of medical formularies were important for promoting interactions and interconnections among peoples,things and substances related to epidemic prevention and control,and to actively deal with the infectious disease,control the epidemic,and maintain public health.Compared to other common measures,anti-epidemic books of medical formularies critically furthered many prevention and control practices,which built a low cost,spontaneous,dispersed and non-institutional system to respond to epidemics,and the system was characteristic of stronger conductibility,bigger coverage area,and better external benefits.