清代鄂尔多斯地区的垦殖活动

鄂尔多斯位于内蒙古西南部农牧业交错带上。当它被游牧民族占据时,以游牧为主要生产方式;中原王朝国力强盛,占居该地时,便转而以农耕为主要生产方式,秦、汉、唐、清等朝代便是如此。清代随着国家的安定与清后期财政支出的增加,对鄂尔多斯的垦殖从禁止到弛禁直至规模持续上升,超过以前任何朝代。本文以垦殖力度的差异将其垦殖活动分为两个时期加以考察,前一个时期自清初至光绪二十年,这一时期经历了从禁垦到驰禁的过程,开垦规模逐渐扩大,一些水利工程也开始兴修;后一个时期则是政府组织的大规模放垦阶段,各旗根据自身的自然条件均有不同程度的放垦。

The Reclamation in Ordos Area During the Qing Dynasty

Ordos lies on the farming-grazing transitional zone of southwest of Inner Mongolia. When inhabited by nomadic nationality, its production fashion was mainly browse; when dynasties of central plains grew prosperous, it turned to farming as its yield source, such as Qin, Han, Tang and Qing Dynasty. With the nation’s peace and increase of expending of Qing Dynasty, the scale of reclaim in Ordos changed from none to little, then more and more, until exceeded any other dynasty before. This article discussed its reclaim in two phases which partitioned by the degree of it.