色诺芬史学二题

古希腊历史学家色诺芬所著《希腊史》是希腊城邦危机时代的产物。这样的历史背景在很大程度上决定了作者对历史事实的取舍以及对历史人物的评价。色诺芬对西方古典史学的贡献主要有:完成了修昔底德的未竟之作,公元前5世纪末到公元前4世纪中期希腊史的主要史料,主要是有赖于色诺芬的记载而流传下来;对经济史、政治史、战争史、社会生活史等均有独到的分析和阐述;在史书编撰体例方面,特别是对于传记体史书,具有开创性贡献;对西方历史文学及军事文学也有重要贡献。当然,色诺芬史学也确有其不足和局限性。

Two Aspects of Xenophon's Historiography

Xenophon,the ancient Greek historian,whose Hellenica was the product of the crisis era of the Polis in ancient Greek.This background largely determined the author's choices of historical facts and assessments of historical figures.Xenophon's contributions to the western classical Historiography were as follows: He accomplished Thucydides' unfinished historical work.The chief historical materials from the end of the 5th century to the middle of the 4thcentury B.C were mainly rested upon his records to surviv...