天津市明长城防御体系研究

通过明长城资源调查,天津市明长城本体的分布、构成、体量均有了翔实、科学的记载,天津市明长城虽然很短,其防御体系却很完整,在某种程度上,可以说是明长城防御体系一个具体而微的代表。本文在调查资料的基础上,归纳剖析,以物见人,以物证事,结合文献,以长城墙体、敌台、烽火台及关城、寨堡等设施为载体,将天津市明长城防御体系划分为侦查预警、前线防卫、信号传递、增援策应、前线指挥、后勤保障六大部分,并揭示了有明一代"边有墙、墙有关、关内有堡、堡内有兵"的防御思想.形成了从侦查预警到前线防卫、从信号传递到增援策应、从前线指挥到后勤保障的一整套以防为主、防守兼备、以静制动、以逸待劳的完整防御体系。

A study on the defense system of the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty in Tianjin area

The Great Wall of Ming Dynasty in Tianjin area was the epitome of the defense system of that period. Short as it was, the defense system was complete. A detailed and accurate report of its distribution, structure, and mass has been done in the Great Wall Survey.Based on the survey data and through inductive analyses, the author studies the ancient relics to inspect its people; studies the ancient sites to restore the historical facts. Taking the WaU, enemy broadcasting stations, smoke towers, gates, and forts as the supporters, the author divides the defense system into six parts： investigation and forecast, defense of front line, communication, supporting system through coordinated action, front line command, logistic support. Meanwhile, the author elaborates on the defense thought as ＂the wall enclosed border and the gate encaved the wall; the fort was hidden behind the gate and soldiers were sheltered in the fort ＂. The builders built up such a comprehensive and effective defense system which could defeat any attacking enemies.