密教传播与宋元泉州石造多宝塔

地处海上交通要道的泉州历来受到海外文化影响,亦包括印度文化及密教的渗透;13世纪伊斯兰世界对印度的入侵使大量密教僧人外逃,与这一时期中印海上交通频繁相对应,对泉州的影响也更为明显。泉州传统建筑遗迹中,有大量受到密教的影响,除在造像、梵文种子图及开元寺大殿等木构建筑中有所体现外,更多表现在宋元时期的石建筑中,如宝箧印塔、多宝塔、石经幢等;其时间段集中在宋元时期,且随着时间推移呈现出影响更浓厚、遗迹数量更多的趋势;这一趋势表现出与泉州海外交通发展渐趋繁荣的同步性。本文通过较系统的现场调研,以宋元泉州石造多宝塔为例,对这一进程进行了一定程度的揭示。

Research on the Communication of Esoteric Buddhism and Quanzhou Stone Duobao Pagoda in Song and Yuan Dynasty

As an important town of the Sea Silk Road, Quanzhou was famous for its brilliant maritime transport history and abundant multieuhural. Quanzhou was influenced by overseas cultural, including the Indian culture and Esoteric Buddhism. The 13th century invasion of the islamic in India made exodus of large numbers of tantra monks, corresponds to the frequent transportation between China and India during this period, lots of monks im- migrated to Quanzhou. They made significant impact on esotericism in Quanzhou. There are a large number of architectural monuments influenced by Es- oteric Buddhism, including Buddhist sculptures, Sanskrit seed figure, Quanzhou Kaiyuan temple, etc. Esoteric Buddhism especially influenced the stone Building of Song and Yuan dynasty, including Baoqieyin Pagoda, Duobao Pagoda and stone pillar column. In the Song and Yuan period the impact of Es- oteric Buddhism showed a trend of more intense effect and greater number of remains as time goes by. These trends were synchronous with the Quanzhou overseas transport development and prosperity gradually. This paper, taking the Duobao Pagoda in Song and Yuan dynasty as example, reveals these trends by systematic fieldwork and site investigation.