清代江南地区的城隍庙、张天师及道教官僚体系

本文探讨的是清代江南地区城隍庙中道士的社会角色。一般的宗教仪式专家和社会团体与这些庙宇的宗教生活关系密切,而道士组织城隍崇拜的方式,掺杂了他们对于道教官僚体系的信条。城隍庙像一个衙门一样运转,管控司法公正,并向当地的住户征收象征性的税饷,道士在此中扮演了非常重要的角色。本文旨在展示城隍庙道士与天师管治之间的不同互动方式(如敕封、道士往来、神判仪式)。笔者认为,通过城隍庙及以城隍庙为中心的道教官僚体系,江南的道士精英参与了帝国的国家建设。

City God temples,the Zhang Heavenly Master,and Daoist Bureaucracy in Qing Jiangnan

This article discusses the role of Daoists in Qing-period City God temples in the Jiangnan area. While other types of religious specialists and social groups were involved in the religious life of these temples,Daoists brought in their bureaucratic vision of religion in the way the cult was organized. They played a key role in operating the temple like a yamen,administering justice,and levying symbolical taxes on local families. Moreover,they did so by referring to their hierarchical superior,namely the Hea...