石质文物表面墨迹的保护作用

在许多不可移动石质文物,尤其是石刻文字表面,因历代文人墨客的拓片留下了大量墨迹。这些墨迹是否对文物本体岩石有害?一直是保护工作者希望了解的问题之一。为此本研究开展了一系列调研和实验研究。通过对各地保存较完好的石刻表面的观察,可以发现石刻表面残留的墨迹具有某种保护作用;对模拟样块的SO2腐蚀实验结果表明,岩石表面的墨迹具有一定的阻止空气中腐蚀性气体侵蚀岩石的作用;盐迁移破坏实验也发现墨迹在某种程度上具有减小可溶盐结晶破坏岩石的作用。吸水率实验和电镜观察等结果显示,墨迹缓解岩石风化的机理主要是墨迹对岩石微裂隙具有填充和加固作用,使岩石的吸水系数降低,部分阻挡了可溶盐的入侵和聚集结晶。

The protective effect of Chinese ink on stone carvings

Ink stains have been left on the stone surfaces of many nonmovable stone relics because of ink rubbing, a traditional activity by Chinese scholars. Are these ink stains harmful to the rock of these cultural relics and do they need to be removed during protective repair? This has been one of the problems that protection workers need to solve. In order to prevent stone relics from weathering, people try to coat them with chemicals, only to find results are not ideal or even prove to be destructive. An attempt was made to seek the answer to this question scientifically by measuring the degree of preservation in known cases of existing well preserved ancient stones. This work is one of a series of protective materials performance studies for cultural relics. Through field investigation and laboratory corrosion studies, the protective effect of Chinese ink left on the stone relics is explored. In experiments with an air pollutant, SO₂, and soluble salts, it is found that ink can prevent damage from air pollutants to some extent. Also it provides some protection from damage due to crystallization of soluble salts. Water absorption studies and microscope analysis suggest that ink can fill micro cracks of rock and therefore lower its ability to absorb water, preventing soluble salts from entering and crystalizing inside the rock and thus reducing weathering.