成都商业街船棺葬出土棺木保存状况的初步分析

成都商业街船棺葬是迄今为止发现规模最大的船棺、独木棺合葬墓,为了有效地保护墓葬中出土的船棺、独木棺等大型木质文物,需要对棺木的保存状况进行科学分析。本研究利用元素分析仪、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪和X射线粉末衍射仪,从化学成分与结构角度对出土棺木进行了分析检测。结果表明,出土棺木中碳、氮的百分含量有所上升,而氧、氢的百分含量则有所降低;棺木中半纤维素几乎完全流失、纤维素含量降低、木质素的含量相对上升,纤维素大分子链发生降解,纤维素晶态结构遭到了破坏。因此,需要对船棺、独木棺等进行必要的加固处理,才能避免棺木在脱水过程中发生皱缩、开裂等形变。此结果为后续保护技术选择与工艺实施提供理论指导和科学依据。

Preliminary analysis of the state of preservation of coffins excavated from Chengdu Commercial Street boatcoffin burial

The Chengdu Commercial Street boatcoffin burial site is a major archaeological relic of the ancient Shu and also the largest boatcoffin burial site ever found. In order to effectively protect unearthed coffins, it is neccsary to scientifically anlysis the preservation status of the coffins. Elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Xray diffraction were used to analyze changes in chemical composition. The results show that the unearthed coffins have high carbon and nitrogen but low oxygen and hydrogen contents. The coffins have almost completely lost their hemicellulose and have a low cellulose content. The relative content of lignin has increased. The macromolecular chains of cellulose have degraded and the cellulose crystallinity has been destroyed. Therefore, it is necessary to reinforce these coffins to avoid shrinkage, cracking and deformation that may occur during the dehydration process.