石窟壁画可溶盐破坏过程的实验室模拟研究

石窟壁画是十分珍贵的文化遗产,但是其保存一直受到可溶盐及相关病害的威胁。研究石窟壁画可溶盐破坏过程是治理和预防这类病害的基础工作,深入的基础研究既需要全面的现场勘测,也需要实验室的模拟研究,能否制作出反映实际情况的试验样品仍然是十分艰巨的挑战。为此,作为一系列应用基础研究的第一步,通过对敦煌莫高窟壁画典型制作工艺和病害情况的调研,在敦煌研究院工作的基础上,规范地制作出便于实验室研究的模拟样品。通过对样品的破坏循环实验表明,所做样品可以重现可溶盐的迁移过程、分布状况和破坏情形。同时,样品的各种性能变化参数能够比较方便准确地测定,呈现的病害状况基本符合文物现场的实际现象,初步实现了石窟壁画病害的实验室模拟研究。本工作建立的模拟方法为深入开展壁画保护的基础科学研究开辟了一种途径。

Laboratory simulation of the process of soluble salt damage to ancient grotto murals

Grotto murals are a very precious cultural heritage. However,preservation of them has been threatened by damage caused by soluble salts. An indepth investigation of the mechanism of damage by soluble salts in murals is crucial for the prevention and treatment of this sort of damage. Both insitu surveys and laboratory simulation work are needed to fully understand this damage. This study, which is based on preliminary work by the Dunhuang Academy, diagnoses of mural diseases and knowledge of traditional crafts, proposes a standard method for preparing mural samples and successfully simulates the process of migration, the profile of soluble salt distribution and the degree of damage caused. The different physical properties of samples can be measured conveniently, and the results of the simulation generally agreed with actual situation data from the Mogao Grottoes.