贡嘎曲德寺空鼓壁画修复实验研究

在西藏寺庙的壁画病害中空鼓是较为严重一类病害,贡嘎曲德寺地处雅鲁藏布江河谷,不同于布达拉宫壁画干燥的赋存环境,地下水位变化导致墙体毛细水上浸明显,传统高模数硅酸钾(PS剂)配粉煤灰作为灌浆材料在潮湿环境中易导致壁画酥碱病害。针对这一问题,通过室内实验和现场试验,筛选出以丙烯酸乳液为主剂,水硬性石灰加粘土为填料的灌浆材料,取得了良好的效果,灌浆修复后可避免壁画酥碱病害。研究结果表明,对西藏地区潮湿环境下的壁画修复,丙烯酸乳液加水硬性石灰加粘土的灌浆材料具有广泛的应用价值。

Experiments on Consolidation of Detached Murals in the Tantric Temple

Detachment of murals is one of the most serious types of damage in Tibetan temples. Unlike the Potala Palace, the Tantric Temple is located in the Brahmaputra River valley where the environment is very humid. Capillary infusion of water into mural paintings is quite common due to varying underground water levels. Mixtures of potassium silicate and coal ash cannot be used as grouting material because they will cause murals detachments. In order to solve this problem, experiments were done both in the laboratory and onsite. It is found that a group of materials are made mainly by polyacrylic acid and blended with hydraulic lime mortar and clay can consolidate detached murals very well. The grouting material can prevent the mural salinization. The new materials tested should have extensive application to the restoration of wet murals in Tibet.