馆藏明代加彩木雕坐像保护前期研究

为更好地了解馆藏明代加彩木雕坐像的价值和病害情况,以期实施科学的保护和修复,利用超景深三维显微光学系统、拉曼光谱、红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、X射线荧光能谱等分析方法对馆藏两件明代加彩木雕坐像的材质组成、制作工艺及病害情况等进行了综合分析。分析表明,两件木雕文物材质为樟科樟木属,加彩层为彩绘层,施彩工艺为先于木胎上打白灰层,而后铺一层纺织纤维,再于纤维布上涂颜料层,颜料层表面涂刷一层防护膜。其中,白灰层为石膏,纺织纤维为棉织物,所用颜料多为矿物颜料,蓝色显示物质为群青,黑色为炭黑,金色疑为铜金粉,而红色显色物质为植物染料-茜草。表面防护膜层为醇酸树脂。腐朽木材碎片和加彩层表面均有大量真菌孢子和菌丝,可以认为菌虫的侵染是引起木雕腐朽的主要因素之一。研究结果为更好地认识两件木雕文物,以及对其实施科学、有效的保护奠定了基础。

Preliminary studies of Ming Dynasty polychrome wood carvings at the Shenzhen Museum

To better understand the degree of damage to two Ming Dynasty polychrome wood carvings at Shenzhen Museum, as well as the materials and processes used to make them, and to provide a scientific basis for their conservation and repair, they were examined by superdepth 3dimensional video microscopy, micro infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Xray diffraction, Xray fluorescence, etc. It was concluded that the wood used for the carvings belongs to the family Lauraceae Juss, possibly a species of Cinnamomum Schaeffer. The coatings are polychrome layers. The wood was first coated with a layer of lime, then a textile layer was added. Pigments were applied on the textile layer. Finally, a coating film was brushed on to protect the paintings. The lime layer is plaster and the textile is cotton fabric. Most pigments used are mineral pigments. The blue pigment is ultramarine, the black is carbon black and the golden colour is copper powder. However, the red material is a plant dye madder root dye. The surface protection film is a modern alkyd resin. A large number of fungal spores and hyphae were found on rotted wood areas and on surface paint layers. It can be concluded that fungi are one of major causes of the wood decay. This study provides a foundation for a better understanding and scientific protection of polychrome wood carvings.