四川广元千佛崖石窟绿色颜料分析研究

千佛崖石窟位于广元市城北5㎞嘉陵江东岸,现存54窟、819龛、大小造像7000余身,这些珍贵文化遗产具有极高的艺术及科研价值。2008年由于受到汶川地震的影响,很多彩绘佛造像损毁情况严重,修复工作亟待进行。为此,本研究以四川千佛崖采集的7个样品的绿色颜料为研究对象,利用金相显微分析、偏光显微分析、拉曼光谱分析技术对其进行物象和成分分析。分析结果表明,千佛崖采用的绿色颜料主要为人工合成的氯铜矿和石绿,还有少量的巴黎绿,且处于颜料最外层,应为近代重新修复所施加的;同时,对于碱式氯化铜及其相关物质、石绿、巴黎绿在中国的使用情况及其应用特点进行探讨,以期对后期的保护工作提供借鉴作用。

Analysis of green pigment on Guangyuan ThousandBuddha Grotto in Sichuan

The Thousand Buddha Grotto is located in Sichuan north of Guangyuan and east of the Yangzi River. Currently, there are 54caves, 819niches and more than 7,0statutes preserved there. These are precious cultural heritage with very high art and research value. Seven samples of green pigment from the ThousandBuddha Grotto were analyzed by metallographic microscopy, polarized microscopiy, and Raman spectroscopy to determine its composition and constitution. It was found that green pigments from ThousandBuddha Grotto were synthetic atacamite and malachite. A small amount of emerald green was also found in the outermost layer, which may have been applied in recently for restoration. The history, characteristics and use of manmade copper trihydroxychlorides pigment and related substances, malachite and emerald green, in China are discussed in this article, which provides help to the later protection work.