论东汉党锢的缘起与党人失败原因

东汉末年的党锢之祸是中国历史上第一次大规模的党争,历来受到研究者的关注,然题中仍不乏剩义。本文主要考察党锢的缘起及党人集团失败的原因。笔者认为党人集团的失败绝非偶然,至少有三方面的原因值得总结。其一,把宦官作为败坏东汉政权唯一的罪魁祸首有失公允;其二,清流官员欲尽除宦官的计划得不到最高统治者的支持,且他们的过激言论招致皇帝的震怒;其三,党人集团中缺少雄才大略的领袖,在关键时刻优柔寡断,致使功败垂成。

A Study on the Origin of the Party Forbiddance and the Causes of the Failure of the Partisans in Eastern Han Dynasty

The misfortune of party forbiddance at the end of Eastern Han Dynasty is the first partisan dispute on a large scale in Chinese history,and much attention had been paid to this issue.This paper is mainly to analyze the origin of the misfortune of party forbiddance and the causes of the failure of the partisans.The author argues that it’s no accident that the partisan group failed and there are at least three reasons to be summed up as follows:firstly,it was unfair to regard eunuchs as being solely responsible for undermining the Eastern Han regime;secondly,Qingliu(清流) Party’s plan to clear away the eunuchs has not won the support from the supreme ruler;furthermore,their radical remarks have greatly enraged the emperor;thirdly,there is no outstanding leader with great gift and bold vision among the partisans and their hesitations and irresolution at the critical moment have finally resulted in its failure.