论长江中游地区新石器时代晚期的生计经济与人口压力

长江中游地区新石器时代晚期的主要生计方式是稻作农业,因渔猎所占比重不同而又可细分为山地型与平原型。水田稻作农业具有集约化程度高,产出也较高的特点。稻田耕作系统的形成与维护需要大量劳力,从而刺激人口迅速增长,结果造成人口压力。自然环境的数次波动更加剧了这种压力。因人口压力而引发的移民、战争和社会重组等,成为推动初期社会复杂化进程的主要原因。

On Late Neolithic Livelihood Economy and Population Pressure in the Middle Yangtze River Valley

At the stage of late Neolithic Era, there are two types of subsistence economy respectively called mountain-areas type and plain type. In both of two types, the rice-planting become more and more important and stimulate the population increasing fleetly. For lighten the population pressure, space expanding and migrate become the main choice at late stage of Daxi Culture and Early stage of Qujialing Culture. At this time, confliction and war between groups are often. However, in the stage of Shijiahe Culture, population pressure produce more and more inner competition in a social group.