旱区生态移民空间冲突的生态风险研究——以宁夏红寺堡区为例

生态移民过程是各种空间要素在迁入区地域范围内重新组合与再结构化过程。理论上，这种区域空间重构过程客观存在空间冲突及生态风险。旱区生态系统十分脆弱，系统开展该类型区生态移民空间冲突的生态风险问题的研究，有利于为空间冲突生态风险突发危机状态下区域可持续发展提供调控科学方案。本文以宁夏红寺堡生态扶贫移民安置区为例，采用该区域1995、2000、2005、2010和2015年五期遥感影像，通过构建空间冲突模型，测算空间冲突水平，探测了空间冲突的生态风险及其主导因素与机制。结果表明：总体上，在1995-2015年生态移民大规模集中安置过程中，红寺堡区生态移民空间冲突指数均值呈前高后低的特点，分别为0.617、0.625、0.454、0.476和0.459，属可控范围，生态风险程度较低，其中稳定可控区的面积比例增加2.1倍。但不同土地利用类型的空间冲突水平差异较大，其中的水域、林地、耕地、草地的空间冲突程度较低，而未利用地、沙地和建设用地的空间冲突程度相对较高。地理探测显示，该地区的景观脆弱度指数、面积加权平均斑块分维数指数、斑块凝聚度指数、聚合度指数和斑块密度指数是影响区域空间冲突的主要因素。

STUDY ON THE ECOLOGICAL RISK OF SPATIAL CONFLICTS OF ECOLOGICAL MIGRANTS IN ARID AREAS: A CASE STUDY OF HONGSIBU IN NINGXIA

The ecological immigration process is the process of recombination and restructure of various spatial elements in the immigration area. Theoretically, this regional spatial reconstruction process exists the objective spatial conflict and ecological risk. The ecosystem in arid areas is very fragile, and systematically carrying out the study on the ecological risk issues of spatial conflicts of ecological immigrants in this type of area is conducive to providing scientific solutions for regional sustainable development in the context of gusty crisis caused by ecological risk of spatial conflict. This paper takes the resettlement area of Hongsibu Ecological Poverty-stricken immigrants in Ningxia as an example, adopts remote sensing images in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 of the region, measures the level of spatial conflicts through the construction of a spatial conflict model, and explores dominant factors and the mechanism of the ecological risks of spatial conflicts. The results show that, in general, during the large-scale centralized resettlement process of ecological migrants from 1995 to 2015, the mean value of the spatial conflict index of the ecological settlements in the Hongsibu District revealed a trend from high to low, which were 0.617, 0.625, 0.454, 0.476, and 0.459, respectively.