非洲港口城市分布特征及其港城规模关系比较

非洲港口城市是联结中非贸易网络的重要节点,承担了资源配置的重要功能。以城市地理学的角度,着眼于非洲港口城市发展现状。选取2015年集装箱吞吐量在5万TEU以上的34个非洲沿海港口城市为研究对象,对非洲主要港口城市的分布格局进行探讨。借助位序规模法则和相对集中指数（RCI）,对34个港口城市的体系分布特征,以及在不同尺度下的港城规模关系现状进行比较。研究认为：①非洲主要港口和城市体系满足位序规模特征,大洲尺度下主要港口体系较为合理,城市体系规模较为集中;②非洲大陆港口城市整体布局不完善,国家内部存在港口城市首位度过高的现象普遍;③部分港口城市港城规模脱节现象较为严重;④不同区域港口城市发展差异较大,表现为北非、南非港口体系较为发达,西非、中非港口规模落后于城市规模,东非港城规模较为均衡但缺少大区级港口。结合非洲港口城市发展特点,提出了中国企业开展对非港口投资的建议。

DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF PORT-CITIES IN AFRICAAND THE COMPARISON OF THEIR SCALE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PORTS AND CITIES

At present, the strategic position of African ports is becoming more and more important. With the growth of Sino African trade, the African port-cities have become important nodes linking the Sino-Africa trade network, which also have important functions of resource allocation. This paper focus on the development of African port cities, from the perspective of urban geography. The 34 African port-cities with container throughputs of more than 50,000 TEU in 2015 were selected as research objects, and the distribution pattern of major port cities in Africa also be discussed. The rank size rule is introduced to describe the distribution characteristics of the port system,and the relative concentration index (RCI) is used to compare the current situation of the port and port-city scale relationship of the 34 port cities at different level, in order to enrich the research content of the port-city relationship, and provide references for China's cooperation in trade and port investment with African countries. The result shows that:1)The major ports and urban systems in Africa conform to the rank size rule characteristics. 2)The overall port-cities system in the African continent is not perfect, and there is a widespread phenomenon that the primacy ratio of port-city is very high in most African coastal countries. 3)Some port-cities have a serious disconnection with the port and city scale. 4) There are significant differences in the development of port-cities in different African regions.