国家空间选择性、新城新区的开发及其房地产化——以南京河西新城为例

本文认为有必要将中国城市新区开发运动理解为新区空间快速开发与城市空间不平衡发展的相统一过程。本文引入国家空间选择性理论视角来理解中国城市新区开发的"双统一"过程。首先,将国家空间选择性理论具体化为三个分析维度——选择性的空间发展战略、选择性的国家权力和国有资源空间配置。进而以南京河西新城为例,从国家空间选择性角度实证解析了其发展的"双统一"过程。主要结论是：国家的空间选择性给河西新城的开发配置了明显优于其他地区的战略、权力和国有资源条件,引导社会资本的集中涌入,塑造了不平衡发展的城市格局。国家空间选择性主导的发展模式一定程度上引致了河西新城发展的房地产化。

STATE SPATIAL SELECTIVITY AND THE PROPERTY-LED DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN NEW TOWN IN CHINA: A CASE STUDY OF HEXI NEW TOWN IN NANJING

The mainstream theoretical perspectives on China's new town development consist of the process of ‘urbanization’, which conceives new town development as a natural result of urbanization, and ‘growth machine’, which perceives new town development as an entrepreneurial project dominated by local state and capital interest, as well as ‘demand-driving’ perspective, which concentrates on the demands of housing and property speculation. However, none of these perspectives provide convincing explanations for the dialectic processes-rapid development of new town and uneven restructuring of urban space. Rapid development of new town not only results in the uneven restructuring of urban space but also acts a result of the uneven development of urban space. To fill the theoretical gap, this paper employs the perspective of state spatial selectivity to decode the dialectic processes. For widely political and economic incentives, local government actively mobilizes the powers and resources it holds to promote the rapid and massive development of new town. In this process, local government inevitably empowers more to the new town while relatively marginalizes other spaces, leading to the uneven distribution of state power and resource in the urban space. Therefore, this paper insists that the theory of state spatial selectivity is an appropriate theoretical perspective to decode the dialectic processes of new town development and uneven restructuring of urban space.