论中世纪晚期英国议会政治

在学术界，似乎有一个不证自明的定论，即：作为近代资本主义政治制度核心构件的议会政治是与中世纪封建社会无缘的。但事实上，在特定历史条件下，两也完全有可能联系在一起。英国由于在早期历史中形成了政治协商传统和初步成型的议会协商机制以及相应的社会化理念，从而为中世纪晚期出现议会政治奠定了必要的历史基础；但历史基础仅仅提供了议会政治早产的可能性，而将这种可能变为现实的决定性力量则是当时各种具体的特殊原因和个人因素构成的偶然机缘。换言之，中世纪晚期英国议会政治的早产是一种历史偶然现象。由此可见，偶然因素也是一种应当给予充分重视的历史决定性力量。

On the Parliamentary Politics of England in the late Middle Ages

In the academic field,there seems to be a self evident dogma,that parliamentary politics,the chief component of modern democratic political system,has no connection with feudal society of Mediaeval period.In fact,however,it was entirely possible that they could be related to each other under certain historical circumstances.The tradition of political consultation,the mechanism of rudimentary parliamentary consultation and the corresponding social and cultural notion,wich came into being in the early period of British,set the necessary historical basis for the emergence of parliamentary politics in the late Middle Ages.But this historical basis only made it possible for parliamentary politics to emerge beforehand.The decisive factor in the transforming from possibility to reality was an accidental lucky chance with various concrete reasons and personal factor involved in it at that time.In other words,the beforehand emergence of Britain's parliamentary politics in the late Middle Ages was a contingency in history.It is thus obvious that the accidental factor should be given full consideration as a decisive factor in history.