国外对空间剥夺及其城市社区资源剥夺水平研究的现状与趋势

本文从城市社会地理学的社会-生活空间质量观的视角、结合国外相关研究文献,首次系统地分析了国外对空间剥夺以及城市社区资源剥夺研究的现状、内容,及其所涉及的相关学科以及在此基础上所形成的研究理念、流派、原理与方法。总结了这一研究命题对城市管理、城市规划、社区规划与商娱场所空间布局的指导意义,以期为国内的相关研究提供借鉴。

THE STATUS AND TREND OF RESEARCHES ON DEPRIVATION OF SPACE AND CITY COMMUNITY RESOURCES ABROAD

Urban social space is one of the most important topics of urban geography in foreign countries. Especially, the scholars in this field abroad have been paying a lot of attention to the correlation between spatial deprivation and urban social living space quality since 1970s. The research of urban social geography on the quality of urban living space has reached the level of the urban system from the regional level, and then has extended further to the space system of urban community. The paper maintains that the nature of the accessibility to community resources is to reveal the structure of spatial justice in community or the living places of urban space, while, the level of spatial deprivation and community resources deprivation is used to explore whether urban social living spaces and the structure of social space are just or not. In the light of the sciences of sociology and geography, the disciplines about deprivation phenomenon has formulated different genres and research methodologies. In addition, level of community resources deprivation is the most important factor that measures urban living space quality of different classes. The research on level of spatial deprivation and community resources deprivation has been shaped into several directions as follows:1)The negative effect on society of community resources deprivation; 2)The fair allocation of place about rank of community system of community resources deprivation; 3)Dynamic development on coupling allocation about place and community classification. As to research methodology, it also reviews the benefits of community resource mapping for integrating predefined-research areas in foreign countries. Furthermore, a case in point, integrated technology of geographic information system, is Photo-based Q Method and PPGIS (USA) in order to explore the geographies of community change. And mapping CLSC Deprivation Levels (France) are used for the distribution of deprivation in individual local community service centers. Thirdly, Graph-theoretical Methods (UK) can identify patterns of deprivation.As a whole, the article combines related references abroad, analyzes the development and main ideas of researches on the deprivation of spatial and social community resources aboard, in the viewpoint of urban social living spaces. It also includes research concept, branches and methods formed on relevant disciplines. At last, the paper sums up guiding significance for city management, urban planning, spatial arrangement of commercial and entertainment places. This research not only provides a theoretical reference abroad for spatial deprivation and community resources deprivation but enriches the study of urban social geography.