地面核磁共振方法在石质文物保护中的应用

石质文物破坏问题不仅在于人为破坏和表面污染,更多来自自然因素对文物的破坏,例如,日晒雨淋、风沙吹蚀、地表水的冲刷、地震、地下水的侵蚀溶蚀。为对第六批全国重点文物保护单位阳华岩摩崖石刻露天石质文物病害进行探查,采用无损探测的地面核磁共振方法和探地雷达方法,直接找水的地面核磁共振方法成功探测出摩崖石刻依附岩体地层含水分布状况。探地雷达方法探测出依附岩山体内岩溶、裂隙的发育状况。两种方法探测结果发现,石刻依附岩体内岩溶、裂隙发育,部分区域岩溶裂隙带已成为地下水汇聚场所或流通通道,对阳华岩摩崖石刻构成了极为严峻的侵蚀威胁。两种方法解释结果互为验证,研究结果为阳华岩摩崖石刻的病害治理和保护提供了宝贵的基础资料。

Application of surface nuclear magnetic resonance (SNMR) to protection of stone relics

Chinese culture has a long history and has left us a lot of stone relics with historical, artistic and cultural values. In recent years, the Chinese Government has established requirements for the protection and utilization of cultural relics and also for the protection and inheritance of cultural heritages. Therefore, more and more attention is also being paid to protection issues of stone relics. Besides human destruction and surface contamination, more damage to stone relics is caused by natural weathering, erosion and corrosion due to factors such as sunlight, rain, wind, sand, surface water, underground water and earthquake, etc. We studied the diseases of the outdoor stone cultural relics, Yanghuayan Lithoglyphs (one of the 6th batch of National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units) using two nondestructive methods, namely surface nuclear magnetic resonance (SNMR) and ground penetrating radar (GPR). The SNMR method successfully detected distribution of water in the rock mass where the lithoglyphs are attached. The development of karst and fractures of the rock mass was detected by the GPR method. The results indicate the development of karst and rock mass fractures and also show that the karst and fracture zones of some parts have become a gathering place or circulation channel for underground water, which results in severe threats to the lithoglyphs. The results of these two methods are mutually verified and thus provide reliable data for the protection and disease management of the Yanghuayan Lithoglyphs.