“滇南旧无雁”:清代以降豆雁在云南迁徙路线的变化

作为森林、湿地等生态系统中十分重要的一环,鸟类因对气候、环境等因素的变化较为敏感,常被看作气候变化对生态系统影响的"先锋指示物种"。17世纪后半叶,全国范围普遍出现低温期,东中部地区雨雪冰冻灾害较为严重。但在云南地区,17世纪的冷期并不明显。作为湿地水鸟的一种,南下越冬的豆雁改变了原有的迁徙路线,自顺治十七年(1660年)冬之后,开始出现在云南各地。气候环境的变化使原本在亚洲东中部地区的河湖湿地越冬的豆雁,不得不延长自己的迁徙路线和时间,突破了原先的分布范围,到更加适宜生存的云南以及缅甸、印度等东南亚地区越冬。

“There Were No Geese in Southern Yunnan in the Past”: the Change of Migrant Routes of Bean Goose(Anser Fabalis) in Yunnan Province since Qing Dynasty

As one of the most important parts of forest ecosystem and wetland ecosystem,birds are usually regarded as the pioneer species which can reflect the ecosystem impact caused by climate change,for they are sensitive to environmental changes.During the second half of the 17th century,the low temperature period appeared nationally in China,and the eastern and central regions suffered the most from the severe freezing disaster.However,the low temperature period was not very obvious in Yunnan Province in the 17th century.As one of the wetland birds,the winter migrant bean geese changed their migratory route and distributed area,and appeared in Yunnan Province since the winter of 1660.Because of the climate change,some migrant bean geese had to extend their migratory route and time and migrated to Yunnan or other Southeast Asia regions,such as the Myanmar and India.