隋唐丁中制探源——從敦煌吐魯番出土户籍文書切入

正史中首次明確記載的丁中制是西晉武帝平吴後＂户調之式＂的＂丁中老小＂劃分,而最爲完整的＂黄小中丁老＂之制,傳統認爲形成於隋朝。據傳世史書的記載,我們只能了解丁中制發展中的幾個關鍵點,而借助敦煌吐魯番新舊出土的户籍類文書,即可發現晉以降的丁中制在十六國、北朝等不同時段的發展脈絡。西晉制度向隋唐演進之主流,在北朝而不在南朝...

The Origins of the Ding-zhong System of the Sui-Tang Dynasties

The earliest record on the ding-zhong system(an age-based tax system) from official historical documents was the household tax system (hudiaoshi) after the unification of the Western Jin Dynasty.Yet the most complete system—huang-xiao-zhong-ding-lao (黄小中丁老 infants under 3 years old,minors,semi-able-bodied people,fully able-bodied people,aged people) was considered to be established in the Sui Dynasty from the traditional point of view.By investigating the household registration records in Dunhuang and Turfan Documents,this paper argues that the main stream of institutional evolution from Jin to Sui-Tang laid in the Northern Dynasties.The series of economic measures of North Zhou contained the reformations of household registration law and the ding-zhong system,which was passed down by the Sui and Tang dynasties.