天然氧化铜矿与铜制品腐蚀产物区别的探讨

在一些新石器时代的遗址中经常会出现一些铜渣、小块孔雀石等与炼铜有关的遗物。为探究这些孔雀石到底是天然的氧化铜矿还是铜制品的腐蚀产物，本工作对天然氧化铜矿和青铜器腐蚀产物进行岩相分析和元素成分分析。结果表明，天然氧化铜矿大都具有一些特殊的结构构造，而在铜制品的腐蚀产物中却很难发现这些结构构造；同时，二者在元素成分上也有显著不同，Bi、Sb、As、Fe、Mo、Co、Mn等微量元素可以作为区分天然氧化铜矿和青铜器腐蚀产物的一个判别标志。结合岩相分析和成分分析，可以确定一个遗址出土的孔雀石或蓝铜矿是天然氧化铜矿还是铜制品的腐蚀产物；同时，可进一步判断是红铜的腐蚀产物还是青铜的。这一结论对探讨铜冶金的起源有重要意义。

A preliminary study on the difference between natural oxide copper ore and corrosion product of the bronze ware

Malachite and azurite are two kinds of oxide copper ores,but there is a lot of malachite or azurite in the corrosion products of the bronze vessels.In many Neolithic sites malachite and azurite are often discovered.It is difficult to confirm that malachite and azurite from the archaeological sites are natural oxide copper ores or corrosion products of the bronze vessels by naked eye or experience.This problem was solved by the use of ICPAES and petrographic analysis as described in this paper,and the result could help us to explore the origin of copper metallurgy.