夏王朝都城新探

夏王朝时期的都城设置复杂多变。禹之政治中心阳城位于今河南登封市告成镇北,同时禹可能又在晋南分设三个辅助性的政治中心。启时期的政治中心应在颍水上游地带,位于禹州市境内的阳翟与位于新密市境内的黄台之丘两者并存,同为启之都的可能性很大。太康至桀期间,夏王朝以伊洛盆地的斟寻为都。二里头遗址应为夏都斟寻,其始建于太康时期,止于夏桀之末,中间未经中断或废弃。文献所载的商丘、斟灌、原、老丘、西河、安邑等夏都,不属于一都制前提下、废旧立新性质的都邑,有的甚至不能算作严格意义上的都邑。其可分为三种类型:一是后羿代夏期间夏王朝的临时性政治中心,如商丘、斟灌等;二是夏王朝因政治、军事需要而设立的辅助性都城,如原、老丘、西河等;三是桀都斟寻被商汤攻陷之后的逃难之地,如安邑。

New Exploration on the Capital of Xia Dynasty

The setup of the capital of Xia Dynasty is both complicated and intriguin g. The political center of Yu, Yangchen was in the north of Gaocheng town,Dengfe ng ,Henan Province. Meanwhile three assistant centers might be set up in the sou th of Shanxi Province. During Qi period, the political center moved to the upper range of Yingshui(Ying River). There is a great possibility that Yangdi, situat ed in Yuzhou City, and Huangtaizhiqiu both existed as capitals of Qi period. Bet ween Taikang and Jie period, the capital was Zhenxu (now Erlitou Site, being con tinually used )in Yiluo Basin. The capitals recorded in literature , Shangqiu, Z henguan, Yuan, Laoqiu, Xihe, Anyi were not strictly defined captails, which can be divided into three types:First, the temporary political centers during Houyi period, like Shangqiu, Zhenguan; Second, the assistant capitals for political o r military needs ,such as Yuan, Laoqiu, Xihe. The third type ,refugee place for the King Jie ,like Anyi.