Proboscidean die-offs and die-outs: Age profiles in fossil collections |
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| Authors: | Gary Haynes |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA;1. Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, Hall-Atwater Laboratories, 52 Lawn Ave, Middletown, CT 06459, United States;2. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, United States;3. School of Natural and Social Sciences, Purchase College SUNY, 735 Anderson Hill Rd, Purchase, NY 10577, United States;1. Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85090, NL-3508, Utrecht, Netherlands;2. Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), PO Box 540, NL2130 AM Hoofddorp, Netherlands;1. Ohio State University, 238 Townshend Hall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;2. University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, USA;1. Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;2. Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Republic of Korea;1. Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC |
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| Abstract: | Distinctive age profiles result from certain types of mortality processes that affect modern African elephants. Large collections of fossil proboscidean bones sometimes have similar age profiles—for example, those of the Lehner and Dent assemblages are identical to age profiles seen in modern drought-caused die-offs. Two other samples of mammoths (one from the Fairbanks muck deposits and one from a site near Waco, Texas) have age profiles suggestive of a stable age distribution in a mature population, resulting in the first case from long-term attritional mortality, and in the other case from sudden “catastrophic” mortality. Other fossil proboscidean age profiles that show high proportions of prime-age adults may have resulted from prolonged or recurring die-offs. |
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| Keywords: | mortality profiles fossil proboscideans |
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