高新技术产业布局特征分析

影响高新技术产业布局的区位因子主要是知识、技术、资金和信息。地方政府对高新技术产业的扶持因素和对外开放条件对高新技术产业区位选择的影响越来越大。高新技术产业区位具有智力密集、良好的外部发展条件、对外开放度高和交通方便、生产和生活环境质量相对较高、位于大中城市等特征。高新技术产业布局存在着区域集聚与扩散两种过程。

AN ANALYSIS OF THE ALLOCATION CHARACTERISTICS OF HI-TECH INDUSTRIES

Hi-tech industries are knowledge-intensive, technology-intensive, capital-intensive, and inform ation-intensive industries. They are also a new grow th pole for regional economy, and have very important effects on the adjustment of regional industrial structures and the improvement of regional economic competition abilities. Thus, it is necessary for us to study the allocation characteristics of hitech industries in order to make their allocations more scientific, reasonable and effective. The author tries to give some insights on the allocation characteristics of hi-tech industries. There are three parts in this paper. Hi-tech industries have two allocation tendencies. One tendency is regional agglomeration. There are several causes for hi-tech industries to agglomerate. Firstly, hi-tech enterprises belong to same field or several fields are often locating to such a place near universities and academic institutions. Secondly, hi-tech enterprises tend to agglomerate in order to utilize information resources and the hi-tech labor market. Thirdly, that hi-tech enterprises locate in one place is propitious to form a regional innovation network that is very important for the development of hi-tech industry.Finally, the government's supporting and benefiting polices and inducing hi-tech enterprises to locate in hi-tech zones are also important forces promoting hi-tech industries to agglomerate.These causes are interacted and mutually strengthened, and produce cumulation and circulation effects that promote hi-tech industries to be agglomerating. The other tendency is regional diffusion. It has three characteristics. The direction of hitech industries diffusion is from higher regions to lower ones according to their technological grades. The spatial patterns of hi-tech industries diffusion are mainly in the form of leap. In view of the diffusion contents, hi-tech industries diffusions include technology diffusion, information diffusion, intelligent and professional person's diffusion, and whole enterprises diffusion. There are three forces that promote hi-tech industries to diffuse. The state government try to promote the developments of hi-tech industries in regions by using approaches such as planning, policies supports. The local government of each region also develops its hi-tech industries actively according to the needs of local economic development. The big hi-tech companies or groups are expediting the diffusions of their institutions to meet the needs for expanding and competing.