单檐歇山式木构古建抵抗极端烈度地震试验调查研究

为更好地保护我国古建筑,基于《单檐歇山式古建筑抗震性能振动台试验》的相关成果,研究了强震作用下我国明清官式木构古建的抗震性能,制作了与该论文相同的试验模型,进行了振动台试验。通过对模型输入烈度逐渐增强的1940年El-centro波,并考虑地震波为水平双向作用,分析了强震作用下不同构造的试验现象,开展了详细的震后调查,获得了不同构造在强震作用下的抗震性能和震害机制。结果表明:强震作用下,我国明清官式木构古建的振动形式表现为柱架、斗拱、梁架及屋顶的近似同步往复摇摆;主要震害包括柱底偏移、榫卯节点开裂、拔榫、斗拱偏移及错位、额枋-垫板分离、墙体倒塌等,但承重木构架受损不严重,结构未产生倒塌。其良好抗震性能的原因与古建筑的构造特征密切相关。

Experimental investigation and study of the seismic performance of ancient Chinese buildings with single layer gable and hip roof under extremely high-intensity earthquakes

To effectively protect ancient Chinese buildings, based on the research achievements of an earlier paper, Shaking table tests of an ancient Chinese building with single layer gable and hip roof, the seismic performance of a model was studied under conditions of high-intensity earthquakes. The same model with the one in the first paper was built, and waves in horizontal directions, simulating the 1940 El-Centro earthquake, were applied to the model, with the intensity gradually being increased to a very high level. Experimental phenomena of different constituents of the model were analyzed and symptoms of damage were also investigated in detail. The results show that under high-intensity earthquake conditions, the column structure, the tou-kung, the beam system and the roof vibrate as synchronous motion as a slow sway. The main damage symptoms of the structure include deviation of column roots from their original positions, tenons being pulled out of mortises, cracks on tenon-mortise joints, deviation of parts of tou-kung from their origin positions, disconnection of the tie beam from its cushion board and collapse of filler walls, etc. However, the damage was not serious, nor did the timber structure collapse. The seismic performance of an ancient Chinese building under high-intensity earthquakes relates closely to its constituent characteristics.