内蒙古阿尔寨石窟壁画制作工艺和颜料的分析研究

为了解阿尔寨石窟壁画的制作工艺和颜料成分,采用偏光显微镜分析、剖面分析,并结合X射线衍射分析对6个洞窟的23个样品进行了分析。为了进一步研究阿尔寨石窟壁画颜料,还通过偏光显微法对其他地区和年代的壁画颜料进行了对比研究。结果表明,其绘制方法是先用加有麦秸的粘土将洞窟壁面抹平,然后用石灰涂白。再施以彩绘。所使用的颜料为矿物质颜料,多为绿、白、红、蓝色等。其绿色颜料为氯铜矿,白色颜料为碳酸钙,红色颜料为朱砂和铅丹,蓝色颜料为石青。

A study of the mural pigments of A-er-zhai Grottos,Inner Mongolia

A-er-zhai Grottos,located in Ottok Banner,Ordos city;nner Mongolia,dated from Northern Wei to the beginning of Qing Dynasty, mainly in Yuan Dynasty, are the only Buddhist Grottos Relics in the plain area to the north of the Great Wall. Nowadays, all the sculptures of the Grottos have been completely damaged, while nearly 2000 - square - meter wall painting remain. In order to better understand the technique of the wall paintings and the nature of the pigments used,24 samples from 6 of the caves are examined by polarized light microscopy and X - ray diffraction. The result showed that the mural was firstly prepared with mud - grass structure, then painted with calcite as background,and finally painted with cinnabar,red lead,atacamite,calcite,and azurite on top. The characteristics of A - er - zhai Grottos mural pigments are given and comparison with several famous archeological sites is outlined.