上海博物馆明清家具接榫修复及其力学原理

榫卯结构是中国古代木构家具的核心。由于古木家具的材料易朽烂和吸湿膨胀等缺陷,且节点几何形式多样,使节点处于复杂的应力状态,导致榫卯容易拔出或断损。针对此类问题,首先在对上海博物馆收藏的明清家具展开调查研究的基础上,分析了馆藏古木家具的破坏形式,并提出了以接榫为主的修复方案;其次利用连续介质力学的理论分析、数值模拟和性能试验,阐述了接榫修复的力学机理,验证了原有修复方案的科学性与正确性;最后,依据力学模型对馆内已有的修复方案进行了优化。

Repair of mortise-and-tenon joints in Ming and Qing furniture in Shanghai Museum and its mechanical principle

The mortise-and-tenon joint is a main structure widely used in traditional Chinese wooden furniture. The material of antique wood furniture is perishable and prone to swelling after water absorption. Furthermore, mortise-and-tenon joints have diverse geometric features, which result in complex local stress states that may cause the tenon to be easily fractured or pulled out. To solve these problems, for Ming and Qing furniture collected in Shanghai Museum, relevant repair schemes were proposed according to the type of damage to the furniture. Then, the mechanical principle in the existing repair scheme of mortise-and-tenon joint and its rationality were elaborated on by continuum mechanical analysis, numerical simulation and performance tests. Finally, based on the mechanical model developed, the existing repair scheme used in the museum was optimized.